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A map from Meyers Encyclopedia depicting the Battle of Leipzig on October 18 1813. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Atrium of the "Academy of Visual Arts". | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Porsche Diamond" The customer center building of Porsche Leipzig. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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MDR, one of Germany\'s public broadcasters. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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City-Hochhaus Leipzig. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mädler-Passage, one of Leipzig\'s many passageways. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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New Trade Fair. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Palais Roßbach, one of the many Gründerzeit-buildings in Leipzig | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Federal Administrative Court of Leipzig at night | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leipzig ([ˈlaɪ̯pʦɪç] ) is, with a population of over 508,600, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the Rivers Pleiße, White Elster and Parthe.
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Leipzig is well-known for its university and its trade fair. Germany\'s first labour party was founded in the city.
Leipzig\'s name is derived from the Slavic word Lipsk, which means "settlement where the linden trees (US; lime trees in UK) stand".Hanswilhelm Haefs. Das 2. Handbuch des nutzlosen Wissens. ISBN 3831137544 (German) An obsolete English spelling of the name was Leipsic.
First documented in 1015 and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165, Leipzig has fundamentally shaped the history of Saxony and of Germany. Leipzig has always been known as a place of commerce. The Leipzig Trade Fair, which began in the Middle Ages, is the oldest remaining trade fair in the world. It became an event of international importance, especially as a point of contact with the Comecon Eastern Europe economic bloc, of which East Germany was a member.
The foundation of the University of Leipzig in 1409 initiated the city\'s development into a centre of German law and the publishing industry, and towards being a location of the Reichsgericht (Supreme Court), and the German National Library (founded in 1912). The philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig in 1646, and attended the University of Leipzig from 1661-1666. Johann Sebastian Bach worked in Leipzig from 1723 to 1750, at the St. Thomas Lutheran church, and Richard Wagner the composer was born in Leipzig in 1813. Later in the same year, the Leipzig region was the arena of the Battle of the Nations, which ended Napoleon\'s run of conquest in Europe, and led to his first exile on Elba. In 1913 the Völkerschlachtdenkmal monument celebrating the centenary of this event was completed.
The importance of the Trade Fair and the University in the creation of a vibrant urban life and city politics from the Reformation through the 19th century cannot be overestimated. Leipzig became a centre of the German and Saxon liberal movements.
A terminal of the first German long distance railroad to Dresden (the capital of Saxony), in 1839, Leipzig became a hub of Central European railroad traffic, with a renowned station building, the largest terminal station by area in Europe.
Leipzig expanded rapidly towards one million inhabitants. Huge Gründerzeit areas were built, which mostly survived the war and post-war demolition. Nowadays these areas are unique in modern Germany.[citation needed]
The first German labour party, the General German Workers\' Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV) was founded in Leipzig on 23 May 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle; about 600 workers from across Germany travelled to the foundation on the new railway line.
On November 9, 1938, Kristallnacht, Nazis destroyed Jewish synagogues and establishments all over Germany. A U.S. official in Leipzig described what he saw of the atrocities. "Having demolished dwellings and hurled most of the moveable effects to the streets," he wrote, "the insatiably sadistic perpetrators threw many of the trembling inmates into a small stream that flows through the zoological park, commanding horrified spectators to spit at them, defile them with mud and jeer at their plight."[citation needed]
The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II.
American troops of the 69th Infantry Division captured the city on April 20 1945, Adolf Hitler\'s 56th and last birthday. A few months later the U.S. ceded the city to the Red Army as it pulled back from the line of contact with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the pre-designated occupation zone boundaries. Leipzig became one of the major cities of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
In 1989, after prayers for peace at the Nikolai Church, established in 1983 as part of the peace movement, the Monday demonstrations started as the most prominent mass protest against the East German regime.
Leipzig was the German candidate for the 2012 Summer Olympics, but did not make it to the short list.
Among Leipzig\'s noteworthy institutions are the opera house and the Leipzig Zoo, the latter of which houses the world\'s largest facilities for primates. The Nikolaikirche (Church of St. Nikolai/Nicholas) was the starting point of peaceful Monday demonstrations for the reunification of Germany. Leipzig\'s international trade fair in the north of the city is home to the world\'s largest levitated glass hall. Leipzig is also known for its passageways through houses and buildings.
Leipzig University, founded 1409, is one of Europe\'s oldest universities. Nobel Prize laureate Werner Heisenberg worked here as a physics professor (from 1927 to 1942), as did Nobel Prize laureates Gustav Ludwig Hertz (physics), Wilhelm Ostwald (chemistry) and Theodor Mommsen (Nobel Prize in literature). Other former staff of faculty include mineralogist Georg Agricola, writer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, philosopher Ernst Bloch, eccentric founder of psychophysics Gustav Theodor Fechner, and psychologist Wilhelm Wundt. Among the university\'s many noteworthy students were writers Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Erich Kästner, philosophers Gottfried Leibniz and Friedrich Nietzsche, political activist Karl Liebknecht, and composer Richard Wagner. Germany\'s chancellor since 2006, Angela Merkel, studied physics at Leipzig University. The university has about 30,000 students.
The University of Music and Theatre was established in 1843 as a music conservatory. One of its founders was renowned composer Felix Mendelssohn. A broad range of subjects can be studied, both artistic and teacher training, in all orchestral instruments, voice, interpretation, coaching, piano chamber music, orchestral conducting, choir conducting and musical composition. Musical styles include jazz, popular music, musicals, early music and church music. The drama departments teach acting and dramaturgy. Advanced students may, after a test, stand in for members of the Gewandhaus Orchestra. In 2006, approximately 900 students are enrolled at the school.
The "Academy of Visual Arts" (Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst) was established 1764. Its 530 students (as of 2006) are enrolled in courses in painting and graphics, book design/graphic design, photography and media art. The school also houses an Institute for Theory.
The "Leipzig University of Applied Sciences" (Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur, HTWK) is with about 6200 students (as of 2007) the second biggest institution of higher education in Leipzig. It was founded in 1992, merging several older schools. As a university of applied sciences (German: Fachhochschule) it is slightly below the status of a university, with more emphasis on the practical part of the education. The HTWK offers many engineering courses, as well as courses of computer sciences, mathematics, business administration, library sciences, museum studies, and social work. It is mainly located in the south of the city.
The private Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL), or Leipzig Graduate School of Management, is the oldest business school in Germany.
Among the research institutes located in Leipzig three belong to the Max Planck Society (for Mathematics in the Sciences, Human Cognitive and Brain Science and Evolutionary Anthropology) and two are Fraunhofer Society institutes. Others are the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, part of the Helmholtz Association, and the Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research.
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Companies in or around Leipzig include:
DHL is in the process of transferring the bulk of its European air operations to Leipzig/Halle Airport.
The German Football Association (DFB) was founded in Leipzig in 1900.
The city was the venue for the 2006 FIFA World Cup draw, and hosted four first-round matches and one match in the last 16th round in the football club FC Sachsen Leipzig\'s home stadium Zentralstadion.
Leipzig also hosted the Fencing World Cup in 2005 and hosts a number of international competitions in a variety of sports each year.
VfB Leipzig, now 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig, won the first national football championship in 1903.
Two-time World Cup Uneven Bars Champion and Olympic Medalist (1976, 1980) in gymnastics, Steffi Kraker was born in Leipzig.
Leipzig station is at a junction of important north-to-south and west-to-east railway lines. A cunderground connecting line has been driven along th north-south axis. In the vicinity of the city are two airports: Leipzig/Halle Airport and Leipzig-Altenburg Airport (Thuringia).
Mein Leipzig lob\' ich mir! Es ist ein klein Paris und bildet seine Leute. (I praise my Leipzig! It is a small Paris and educates its people.) - Frosch, a university student in Goethe\'s Faust, Part One
Leipzig is twinned with:
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia since 2004
Birmingham, United Kingdom (Birmingham\'s Partner City page) since 1992
Bologna, Italy since 1962, renewed in 1997
Brno, Czech Republic since 1973, renewed in 1999
Frankfurt am Main, Germany since 1990
Hanover, Germany since 1987
Houston, Texas, USA since 1993
Kiev, Ukraine since 1961, renewed in 1992
Kraków, Poland since 1973, renewed in 1995
Lyon, France since 1981
Nanjing, China since 1988
Thessaloniki, Greece since 1984
Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2003
Plovdiv, Bulgaria since 1975, renewed in 2007
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia
.jpg/58px-Federal Administrative Court Leipzig at night 1 (aka).jpg)
